Changes in levels of N-nitrosamine formed from amine-containing compounds during chloramination via photocatalytic pretreatment with immobilized TiO2: Effect of source water and pH
SCIE
SCOPUS
- Title
- Changes in levels of N-nitrosamine formed from amine-containing compounds during chloramination via photocatalytic pretreatment with immobilized TiO2: Effect of source water and pH
- Authors
- Seid, Mingizem Gashaw; Byun, Jeehye; Kim, Wooyul; CHO, KANGWOO; Hong, Seok Won
- Date Issued
- 2022-02-15
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Abstract
- We investigated the effectiveness of photocatalytic pretreatment (PCP) of precursors in minimizing the formation potentials (FPs) of carcinogenic nitrosamines, including N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), and N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA), during water chloramination. A steel mesh substrate with immobilized TiO2 was highly efficient at mitigating nitrosamine formation and removing targeted precursors such as ranitidine, nizatidine, trimebutine, triethanolamine, and metoclopramide. Compared to UVC/H2O2, PCP under UVA irradiation (intensity of 0.67 mW cm−2) was more effective for reducing nitrosamine-FPs during post-chloramination. However, the PCP efficacies varied with the water source, pretreatment pH, and irradiation time. For example, PCP of eutrophic water increased the NDMA-FPs, but produced notable reductions (up to 99%) for NDELA- and NDEA-FPs. Shorter irradiation times, up to 15 min, increased the NDELA-FP in triethanolamine, and the NDMA-FP in nizatidine and trimebutine. However, the nitrosamine-FP decreased by > 50% after PCP at a pH > 5.6, following irradiation for 120 min. Oxygen addition, N-de(m)ethylation, and N-dealkylation were responsible for decreasing nitrosamine-FPs via the destruction of key moieties; this has been elucidated by mass spectroscopy. This study suggests that PCP could be used as an alternative strategy for minimizing nitrosamine-FPs during water treatment.
- URI
- https://oasis.postech.ac.kr/handle/2014.oak/107444
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127398
- ISSN
- 0304-3894
- Article Type
- Article
- Citation
- Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 424, page. 127398, 2022-02-15
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