Study on Structurally Stable Electrodes for Fast Charging Lithium Batteries

Abstract

In the context of escalating environmental concerns and the depletion of fossil fuels, society is experiencing a significant shift from gasoline-powered vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs). This transition highlights the crucial role of advanced rechargeable battery technologies in supporting sustainable transportation solutions. Although EVs present a promising alternative to traditional vehicles, their widespread adoption is currently impeded by several limitations of existing lithium-ion batteries, including inadequate fast-charging capabilities, insufficient energy densities for long-distance travel on a single charge, and a lack of cost efficiency. Addressing these challenges is essential for advancing the electrification of transportation and reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources. In response to the inherent drawbacks of current lithium-ion batteries, extensive global research efforts are focused on enhancing electrode materials and exploring novel battery chemistries. This thesis concentrates on designing electrodes for next-generation rechargeable lithium batteries that combine structural stability with enhanced fast-charging capabilities, characteristics that are interdependent, necessitating a synergistic improvement in electrode materials. Firstly, I propose enhancing the performance of a high-capacity aluminum foil anode for lithium-ion and next-generation dual-ion batteries through electrolyte-mediated mechanical pre-lithiation. Secondly, I aim to introduce a design for a freestanding high- capacity tin-based composite anode optimized for stable lithium-ion battery operation. Lastly, I present a novel polymer binder and cohesive graphite cathode designed for dual- ion batteries that leverage both cationic and anionic electrochemistry. The proposed electrodes have been demonstrated to be structurally stable and capable of fast charging, effectively addressing the issue of large volume changes inherent in their original designs. This research intends to provide strategic guidance for appropriate electrode design applicable across various lithium-based systems.